1951Bu25: ¹⁵⁹Eu produced and identified in Gd(γ,p),E=23 MeV using synchrotron facility at AERE, Harwell. Measured half-life of the decay of an activity assigned to the decay of ¹⁴⁹Eu or an isomer in one of the stable Gd isotopes, but the measured production yield was consistent with that expected for ¹⁵⁹Eu. In addition, half-life of 20 min in this work agrees with that from later measurements, and there is no known isomer of long half-life in any of the stable Gd isotopes.

1961Ku10: ¹⁵⁹Eu produced in ¹⁶⁰Gd(γ,p),E=25 MeV, probably using natural Gd target at the Tohoku University, Japan. Measured half-life of the decay of the g.s. of ¹⁵⁹Eu, β-radiation, β-endpoint energy, and γ rays using GM counters and NaI(Tl) detector.

1990Al34: measured hfs, isotope shifts; deduced hyperfine constants, magnetic dipole moment, quadrupole moment, rms charge radii

2012Va02: measured mass of the g.s. from cyclotron frequency ratios using the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer at the CARIBU-ANL facility.

Theoretical calculations:

2022Mi14: calculated β^--decay T_1/2, partial T_1/2 for Gamow-Teller decays, Q values, isoscalar spin-triplet strength using proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation (pnQRPA), proton-neutron quasiparticle Tamm-Dancoff approximation (pnQTDA), with Skryme energy density functional, and Bayesian neural network (BNN).

2019Ni05: calculated neutron and proton pairing residual interaction strength, binding energy, moments of inertia using self-consistent Hartree-Fock plus BCS framework, with self-consistent blocking using Skyrme parametrization.

2017Pa44: calculated energy levels, Jπ, bands, B(E2), B(M1), and deformation versus angular momentum using the projected shell model framework

2000Va03: calculated levels, Jπ, B(E2) using shell model, with pseudo-SU(3) symmetry.

1997As06: calculated isotope shifts, hfs anomaly using shell model.

1990Na14: calculated equilibrium deformations using Shell correction method with average Woods-Saxon potential, and monopole pairing residual interaction.

1984Al30: calculated quadrupole and hexadecapole moments, ground-state energy.

Q-value: S(2n)=12727 4, S(2p)=18324 8 (2021Wa16).