This is an updated edition of the 2005
booklet of the same name†.
The 2000 edition has beeen archived for the US, DOE nuclear
material inventory control.
This booklet presents selected properties
of all known nuclides and their known isomeric
states. Properties of ionized atoms are presented as an appendix.
The data given here are taken mostly from the
adopted properties of the various nuclides as
given in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File
(ENSDF)[1]. The data in ENSDF are
based on experimental results and are published
in Nuclear Data Sheets [2] for A>20 and in
Nuclear Physics [3] for A≤20. For nuclides
for which either there are no data in ENSDF
or those data that have since been superseded,
the half-life and the decay modes are taken
from Experimental Unevaluated Nuclear
Data List (XUNDL [4]) covering recent literature [5].
For other references, experimental data,
and information on the data measurements,
please refer to the original evaluations [1-4].
The data were updated to September 1, 2011.
Column 1, Nuclide (Z, El, A):
Nuclides are listed in order of increasing
atomic number (Z), and are subordered by
increasing mass number (A). All isotopic
species, as well as all isomers with half-life ≥ 0.1 s,
and some with half-life ≥ 1 ms which decay
by SF, α or p emissions, are included. A nuclide
is given even if only its mass estimate [6] is known.
Isomeric states are denoted by the symbol
"m" after the mass number and are given in
the order of increasing excitation energy. Where the ground state
is not well established all given states carry symbol "m".
The 235U thermal fission products, with
fractional cumulative yields ≥ 10-6, are
italicized in the table. The information on
fission products is taken from the ENDF/B-VI
fission products file [9].
The names and symbols for elements are those
adopted by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry (2010). No names and symbols
have as yet been adopted for Z>112.
Column 2, Jπ:
Spin and parity assignments, without and
with parentheses, are based upon strong
and weak arguments, respectively. See the
introductory pages of any issue of
Nuclear Data Sheets [2] for description
of strong and weak arguments for Jπ assignments.
Column 3, Mass Excess, Δ:
Mass excesses, M-A, are given in MeV (from [6])
with Δ(+12C)=0, by definition. For
isomers the values are obtained by adding
the excitation energy to the Δ(g.s.) values.
Wherever the excitation energy is not known,
the mass excess for the next lower isomer
(or the g.s.) is given. The values are given to
the accuracy determined by uncertainty in Δ(g.s.)
(maximum of three figures after the decimal).
The uncertainty is ≤9 in the last significant
figure. An appended "s" denotes that the value
is obtained from systematics [6].
Column 4, T½, Γ, or Abundance:
The half-life and the abundance (in bold face
from [7]) are shown followed by their units ("%""
symbol in the case of abundance) which are
followed by the uncertainty, in italics,in the
last significant figures. For example,
8.1 s 10 means 8.1±1.0 s. For some very
short-lived nuclei, level widths rather than
half-lives are given. There also, the width is
followed by units (e.g., eV, keV, or MeV)
which are followed by the uncertainty in
italics, if known. This field is left blank when the half-life is not known.
For 2β- and 2ε decay only the lowest value
of their several limits (e.g., for 0ν or 2ν, etc.) is given.
If a new measurement of half-life or decay mode, has since
become 4 available it is presented in place of
the evaluated value in ENSDF.
Column 5, Decay Mode:
Decay modes are given in decreasing strength
from left to right, followed by the percentage
branching, if known ("w" indicates a weak
branch). The percentage branching is omitted
where there is no competing mode of decay or
no other mode has been observed. A "?" indicates
an expected but not observed mode of decay [5].
The various modes of decay are given below:
The various modes of decay are given below:
β- |
β- decay |
ε |
ε (electron capture), or ε+β+, or β+ decay |
IT |
isomeric transition (through γ or conversion-electron decay) |
n, p, α, ... |
neutron, proton, alpha, ... decay |
SF |
spontaneous fission |
2β-, 3α, ... |
double β- decay (β-β--), decay through emission of 3 α's, ... |
β-n, β-p, β-α, ... |
delayed n, p, α, ... (emission following β- decay) |
εp, εα, εSF, ... |
delayed p, α, SF, ... (emission following ε or β+ decay) |
NNDC Web Services
The centerfold presents the NNDC home page on the
web (www.nndc.bnl.gov) and was
prepared by Boris Pritychenko. The greatly expanded NNDC
web services offer a wealth of Nuclear Physics information
which includes analysis programs, reference data, and custom-tailored
retrievals from its many databases. The ND2013 info is
provided by Alejandro Sonzogni.
DOE Standard for Nuclear Material Inventory
The sixth edition (2000) of Nuclear Wallet Cards was adopted as the standard by the
US Department of Energy for the purposes of their
nuclear material inventory. The sixth edition, as
well as, the current edition are available through
the NNDC web site.
Homeland Security
Nuclear Wallet Cards for Radioactive Nuclides, a
reference for homeland security personnel based on
this booklet was published in March 2004. The booklet,
although limited to radioactive nuclides, contains
additional radiation information. It is available only on
the web and its printed form is no longer available.
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful for help from Eddie Browne, Tim Johnson, John Kelley, Filip Kondev,
Elizabeth McCutchan, and Balraj Sing in checking parts of the table. Thanks to NNDC colleagues,
especially, Michal Herman, Head, NNDC for their support.
The research was supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics,
Office of Science,
U.S. Department of Energy.
References
-
Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File -
a computer file of evaluated experimental
nuclear structure data maintained by the
National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven
National Laboratory (file as of August 15, 2011).
-
Nuclear Data Sheets -
Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam. Evaluations published by
mass number for A = 21 to 294. See page ii
of any issue for the index to A-chains. See page ii of any issue for the index to A-chains.
-
Nuclear Physics -
North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam - Evaluations for A = 3 to 20.
- XUNDL,
An experimental Unevaluated Nuclear Data List, mostly prepared under supervision of
Dr. Balraj Singh, McMaster U., Canada, and maintained by the National Nuclear Data Center,
Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Nuclear Science Reference File
a bibliographic computer file of nuclear
science references continually updated and
maintained by the National Nuclear Data
Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory.
-
Mid-term Atomic Mass Evaluation,
private communication from G. Audi, W. Meng (2011).
-
"Isotopic composition of the elements 2009,
Michael Berglund, Michael E. Wiser,
Pure Appl. Chem. 83, 397 (2011).
-
Table of Isotopes, N. Holden,
The CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (2004).
-
Evaluation and Compilation of Fission
Product Yields 1993, T.R. England and B.F.
Rider; Rept. LA-UR-94-3106 (1994). ENDF/B-VI
evaluation; MAT #9228, Revision 1.
- Table of Isotopes (1978), 7th edition,
Editors: C.M. Lederer, V.S. Shirley, Authors:
E. Browne, J.M. Dairiki, R.E. Doebler, A.A.
Shihab-Eldin, J. Jardine, J.K. Tuli, and A.B.
Buyrn, John Wiley, New York.
†
The first Nuclear Wallet Cards was produced
by F. Ajzenberg-Selove and C. L. Busch
in 1971. The Isotopes Project, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, produced the next
edition in 1979 based upon the Table of
Isotopes, 7th edition (1978) [9].
The subsequent editions, in years 1985, 1990,
2000, and the last in 2005 were produced by Jagdish K. Tuli, NNDC.
In 2004, Nuclear Wallet Cards for Radioactive
Nuclides aimed at Homeland Security personnel
was produced by Jagdish K. Tuli, NNDC.
Nuclear Wallet Cards 2011
The eigth edition of nuclear wallet cards was produced in
pdf format and released in November of 2011.