ADOPTED LEVELS, GAMMAS for 18O
Authors: Tilley, Weller, Cheves, Chasteler | Citation: Nucl. Physics A595, 1 (1995) | Cutoff date: 31-OCT-1994
Full ENSDF file | Adopted Levels (PDF version)
Q(β-)=-1655.9 keV 5 | S(n)= 8045 keV | S(p)= 15942 keV 15 | Q(α)= -6228 keV | ||
Reference: 2012WA38 |
References: | |||
A | 10B(9Be,p), 11B(9Be,d) | B | 12C(7Li,p) |
C | 13C(6Li,p) | D | 13C(9Be,α) |
E | 13C(17O,12C) | F | 14C(α,γ) |
G | 14C(α,α), (α,n) | H | 14C(6Li,d) |
I | 14C(7Li,t) | J | 14C(14C,10Be) |
K | 14C(16O,12C) | L | 16O(t,p) |
M | 16O(α,2p) | N | 16O(10B,8B), (13C,11C) |
O | 17O(d,p) | P | 17O(α,3He) |
Q | 17O(12C,11C) | R | 18N β- decay |
S | 18O(γ,n), (γ,2n), (γ,p), (γ,t) | T | 18O(γ,γ) |
U | 18O(E,E) | V | 18O(π,π) |
W | 18O(n,n) | X | 18O(p,p) |
Y | 18O(d,d) | Z | 18O(t,t) |
a | 18O(3He,3He) | b | 18O(α,α) |
c | 18O(6Li,6Li), (7Li,7Li) | d | 18O(9Be,9Be) |
e | 18O(10B,10B), (11B,11B) | f | 18O(12C,12C), (13C,13C) |
g | 18O(16O,16O) | h | 18O(17O,17O), (18O,18O) |
i | 18O(19F,19F) | j | 18O(24Mg,24Mg), (26Mg,26Mg) |
k | 18O(27Al,27Al) | l | 18O(28Si,28Si) |
m | 18O(40Ca,40Ca), (44Ca,44Ca) | n | 18F β+ decay |
o | 19F(γ,p) | p | 19F(n,d) |
q | 19F(p,2p) | r | 19F(d,3He) |
s | 19F(t,α) | t | 22Ne(d,6Li) |
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
0.0 | BCDEFGHIJKL OPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrst | 0+ | STABLE | |||||
1982.07 9 | ABCDEFGHIJ L NOPQR UVWXY ab gh j lm opqrst | 2+ | 1.94 ps 5 % IT = 100 | 1982 | 100 | E2 | 0.0 | 0+ |
3554.84 40 | BC F HI LMNOPQR U X b gh st | 4+ | 17.2 ps 8 % IT = 100 | 1573 | 100 | E2 | 1982.07 | 2+ |
3633.76 11 | BC F HI L O R U X b gh rst | 0+ | 0.96 ps 11 % IT = 100 | 1652 3634 | 99.70 6 0.30 6 | E2 | 1982.07 0.0 | 2+ 0+ |
3920.44 14 | BC F HI L O R U X b g s | 2+ | 18.4 fs 20 % IT = 100 | 1938 3920 | 87.6 7 12.4 7 | M1 E2 | 1982.07 0.0 | 2+ 0+ |
4455.54 10 | BC F HI L O R U X b gh rs | 1- | 45 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 535 821 2473 | 2.5 9 70.4 17 27.1 26 | E1 E1 E1 | 3920.44 3633.76 1982.07 | 2+ 0+ 2+ |
5097.78 54 | BC F HI L O R UVWX b gh m st | 3- | 43 fs 17 % IT = 100 | 1178 1543 3116 | 17.6 7 6.3 8 76.1 8 | E1 E1 E1 | 3920.44 3554.84 1982.07 | 2+ 4+ 2+ |
5254.8 9 | BC F HI L NO U X b rs | 2+ | 7.0 fs 3 % IT = 100 | 799 1334 1621 1699 3272 5254 | 3.0 3 8.7 4 1.0 6 1.1 6 55.9 10 30.3 9 | E1 M1 E2 E2 M1+E2 E2 | 4455.54 3920.44 3633.76 3554.84 1982.07 0.0 | 1- 2+ 0+ 4+ 2+ 0+ |
5336.4 6 | BC H L O U b s | 0+ | 139 fs 28 % IT = 100 | 880 3354 5336 | 42 2 58 2 | E1 E2 | 4455.54 1982.07 0.0 | 1- 2+ 0+ |
5377.8 12 | BC L OP s | 3+ | < 21 fs % IT = 100 | 1459 3396 | 13.5 22 86.5 22 | 3920.44 1982.07 | 2+ 2+ | |
5530.24 29 | BC L R U X b s | 2- | < 17 fs % IT = 100 | 1074 1610 3548 | 27 2 24 2 49 2 | 4455.54 3920.44 1982.07 | 1- 2+ 2+ | |
6198.22 40 | BC H L O R TU b s | 1- | 2.6 fs 4 % IT = 100 | 862 943 1742 2564 6198 | 1.1 3 3.6 4 4.1 4 2.5 3 88.7 9 | E1 E1 M1 E1 E1 | 5336.4 5254.8 4455.54 3633.76 0.0 | 0+ 2+ 1- 0+ 0+ |
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
6351.3 6 | BC L O R U b st | (2-) | < 24 fs % IT = 100 | 1895 2431 4369 | 12 2 55 2 32 2 | 4455.54 3920.44 1982.07 | 1- 2+ 2+ | |
6404.4 12 | BC L b s | 3- | 21 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 1149 1306 1948 2484 2849 4422 | 5.6 9 9.8 9 2.8 10 6.3 10 7.4 12 68.1 18 | E1 M1 E2 E1 E1 E1 | 5254.8 5097.78 4455.54 3920.44 3554.84 1982.07 | 2+ 3- 1- 2+ 4+ 2+ |
6880.45 27 | BC L R b rs | 0- | < 17 fs % IT = 100 | 2424 | 100 | 4455.54 | 1- | |
7116.9 12 | BC F HI L NOP U X b fgh s | 4+ | < 17 fs % IT = ? % α = ? | 1857 2019 3197 3562 5135 | 0.30 6 1.3 2 2.1 2 69.2 7 27.1 4 | E1 E2 M1 E2+(M3) | 5254.8 5097.78 3920.44 3554.84 1982.07 | 2+ 3- 2+ 4+ 2+ |
7615.9 7 | BC F H L R U b fgh s | 1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 1418 2280 3160 5634 7616 | 1 1 6 1 8 1 62 3 23 2 | M1 E1 M1+E2 E1+M2 E1 | 6198.22 5336.4 4455.54 1982.07 0.0 | 1- 0+ 1- 2+ 0+ |
7771.07 50 | BC L R U s | 2- | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | 2673 3315 5789 | 36 3 11 2 53 3 | 5097.78 4455.54 1982.07 | 3- 1- 2+ | |
7864 5 | BC F HI L OP U b fgh st | 5- | % IT = 100 | 4309 | >75 | E1 | 3554.84 | 4+ |
7977 4 | BC L O s | (3+,4-) | % IT = 100 | 2599 2879 4422 | 21 2 12 2 67 2 | 5377.8 5097.78 3554.84 | 3+ 3- 4+ | |
8037.8 7 | BC FG LMN R U fgh s | 1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 2783 4404 6057 8038 | 4 1 10 1 70 2 16 1 | E1 E1 E1 E1 | 5254.8 3633.76 1982.07 0.0 | 2+ 0+ 2+ 0+ |
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
8125 2 | BC F HI L U s | 5- | % IT = ? % α = ? | 3027 4570 | 1 1 99 1 | E2 E1 | 5097.78 3554.84 | 3- 4+ |
8213 4 | BC FG L U X b fgh s | 2+ | 1.0 keV 8 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 3115 3757 4293 4658 6231 8213 | 17 1 29 3 3 1 3 1 29 3 19 4 | E1 E1 M1 E2 M1 E2 | 5097.78 4455.54 3920.44 3554.84 1982.07 0.0 | 3- 1- 2+ 4+ 2+ 0+ |
8282 3 | BC FGHI L U b s | 3- | 8 keV 1 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 3022 3826 4727 | 36 3 3 3 61 3 | E1 E2 E1 | 5254.8 4455.54 3554.84 | 2+ 1- 4+ |
8410 8 | G L U s | (2-) | 8 keV 6 % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
8521 6 | L U s | % IT = 100 | ||||||
8660 6 | L s | |||||||
8817 12 | G P X b | (1+) | 70 keV 12 % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
8955 4 | G L U b | 43 keV 3 % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
900E1 20 | R | (1-) | % α = ? | |||||
9030 | L O b | |||||||
9100 | b | |||||||
9270 20 | R | (0,1,2)- | ||||||
9361 6 | G I L U b fgh | (3-) | 27 keV 15 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
9414 18 | G I L b | ≈ 120 keV % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
9480 24 | G L | ≈ 65 keV % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
9672 7 | G L b fgh | (3-) | 60 keV 30 % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
9713 7 | L U b | % IT = 100 | ||||||
9890 11 | G L b | ≈ 150 keV % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
10118 10 | GH L b | 3- | 16 keV 4 % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
10240 20 | R | (0,1,2)- | % n = 100 | |||||
10295 14 | GHI LM U b fgh | 4+ | < 50 keV % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
10396 9 | G L b | 3- | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
10430 40 | U | (2-) | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
10595 15 | G L | % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
10670 20 | U | (2-) | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
10820 20 | G | % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
10910 20 | G I | % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
10990 20 | G U | (2-) | < 50 keV % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
11060 | P | (6-) | ||||||
11130 20 | G I r | % n = ? % α = ? | ||||||
11390 20 | GH | (2+) | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
11410 20 | GH | (4+) | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
11490 30 | R | (0,1,2)- | % n = 100 | |||||
11520 50 | U | (2-) | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
11620 20 | GHI U b fgh | 5- | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
11670 20 | U | (3-) | 112.00 keV 2 | |||||
11690 20 | GHI b | 6+ | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
11820 20 | G | (3-) | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
11900 30 | U | (2-) | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
12040 20 | GH | (2+) | % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
12090 20 | U | (1-,2+) | < 50 keV | |||||
12250 20 | GH | (1-) | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
12330 20 | GHI | 5- | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
12410 20 | U | (3-) | 143 keV 24 % IT = 100 | |||||
12500 20 | G fgh | 4+ | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
12520 20 | U | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
12530 20 | GHI fgh | 6+ | % n = ? % α = ? | |||||
12660 20 | U | (2-) | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
12990 20 | U | (4-) | 68 keV 18 % IT = 100 | |||||
13100 | S | 1- | 700 keV % IT = ? % n = ? | |||||
13400 20 | U | (2-) | 108 keV 20 % IT = 100 | |||||
13800 | S | 1- | 600 keV % IT = ? % n = ? | |||||
13850 13 | P U | (6-) | ≈ 200 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
14170 40 | P U | (6-) | 140 keV 50 % IT = 100 | |||||
14450 50 | U | ≈ 1070 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
14700 | S | 1- | 800 keV % IT = ? % n = ? | |||||
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
15230 40 | U | ≈ 300 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
15800 | S | 1- | 700 keV % IT = ? % n = ? | |||||
15950 30 | U | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
16210 10 | U | 1(-) | % IT = 100 | |||||
16315 10 | U | (3,2)- | % IT = 100 | |||||
16399 5 | U X | 2- | < 20 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
16880 30 | U | (4-,2-) | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
16948 10 | U | (3,2)- | % IT = 100 | |||||
17025 10 | U | (3-) | 20 keV 6 % IT = 100 | |||||
17050 | H | (7-) | ≈ 350 keV | |||||
17398 10 | S U | 1- | 600 keV % IT = ? % n = ? % p = ? | |||||
17450 10 | U | (2,1,3)- | % IT = 100 | |||||
17460 30 | U | (4-) | ≈ 600 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
17500 | U | ≈ 150 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
17502 10 | U | (1,2,3)- | % IT = 100 | |||||
1760E1 20 | H | (8+) | ||||||
17635 10 | U | % IT = 100 | ||||||
18049 10 | U | % IT = 100 | ||||||
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
18200 | U | ≈ 150 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
18450 20 | U | (3-) | 75 keV 27 % IT = 100 | |||||
18500 | U | ≈ 4300 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
18700 20 | U | (4-) | < 20 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
18871 5 | U | 1+ | % IT = 100 | |||||
18927 10 | U | (1,2+) | % IT = 100 | |||||
18950 | H | (7-) | ≈ 350 keV | |||||
19027 10 | U | (1,3)- | % IT = 100 | |||||
19150 10 | U | (1-,2+,3-) | % IT = 100 | |||||
19240 20 | U | (GE 3) | < 20 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
19400 | S | 1- | 900 keV % IT = ? % p = ? | |||||
19700 | U | ≈ 200 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
20200 | U | ≈ 180 keV % IT = 100 | ||||||
20360 20 | U | (4-) | < 20 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
20860 20 | U | 97 keV 41 % IT = 100 | ||||||
21000 | S U | 1- | ≈ 150 keV % IT = ? % n = ? % p = ? | |||||
E(level) (keV) | XREF | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | I(γ) | M(γ) | Final Levels | |
21420 20 | U | (4-) | < 50 keV % IT = 100 | |||||
22400 20 | U | 4- | 91 keV 8 % IT = 100 | |||||
22700 | S | 1- | % IT = ? % n = ? % p = ? | |||||
23100 20 | U | 49 keV 24 % IT = 100 | ||||||
23800 | S U | 1- | ≈ 1500 keV % IT = ? % n = ? % p = ? | |||||
27000 | S | 1- | % IT = ? % n = ? % p = ? | |||||
30000 | S | % IT = ? % n = ? | ||||||
36000 | S | % IT = 100 |
E(level) (keV) | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | Multipolarity | Mixing Ratio | Additional Data |
1982.07 | 2+ | 1.94 ps 5 % IT = 100 | 1982 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=3.32 9 | |
3554.84 | 4+ | 17.2 ps 8 % IT = 100 | 1573 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=1.19 6 | |
3633.76 | 0+ | 0.96 ps 11 % IT = 100 | 1652 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=17 2 | |
3920.44 | 2+ | 18.4 fs 20 % IT = 100 | 1938 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.14 2 | |
2+ | 18.4 fs 20 % IT = 100 | 3920 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=1.3 2 | ||
4455.54 | 1- | 45 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 535 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0035 11 | |
1- | 45 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 821 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.027 7 | ||
1- | 45 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 2473 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00041 10 | ||
5097.78 | 3- | 43 fs 17 % IT = 100 | 1178 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0025 11 | |
3- | 43 fs 17 % IT = 100 | 1543 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00036 15 | ||
3- | 43 fs 17 % IT = 100 | 3116 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00057 23 | ||
5254.8 | 2+ | 7.0 fs 3 % IT = 100 | 799 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0082 8 | |
2+ | 7.0 fs 3 % IT = 100 | 1334 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.111 8 | ||
2+ | 7.0 fs 3 % IT = 100 | 1621 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=23 15 | ||
2+ | 7.0 fs 3 % IT = 100 | 1699 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=21 12 | ||
2+ | 7.0 fs 3 % IT = 100 | 3272 | M1+E2 | 0.15 4 | ||
2+ | 7.0 fs 3 % IT = 100 | 5254 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=2.15 11 | ||
5336.4 | 0+ | 139 fs 28 % IT = 100 | 880 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0042 9 | |
0+ | 139 fs 28 % IT = 100 | 3354 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=2.0 4 | ||
6198.22 | 1- | 2.6 fs 4 % IT = 100 | 862 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0064 20 | |
1- | 2.6 fs 4 % IT = 100 | 943 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.016 3 | ||
1- | 2.6 fs 4 % IT = 100 | 1742 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.063 13 | ||
1- | 2.6 fs 4 % IT = 100 | 2564 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00055 12 | ||
1- | 2.6 fs 4 % IT = 100 | 6198 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0014 3 | ||
6404.4 | 3- | 21 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 1149 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0017 9 | |
3- | 21 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 1306 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.045 26 | ||
3- | 21 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 1948 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=9 6 | ||
3- | 21 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 2484 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00020 11 | ||
3- | 21 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 2849 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00015 8 | ||
3- | 21 fs 10 % IT = 100 | 4422 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00037 20 | ||
E(level) (keV) | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | Multipolarity | Mixing Ratio | Additional Data |
7116.9 | 4+ | < 17 fs % IT = ? % α = ? | 2019 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00029 8 | |
4+ | < 17 fs % IT = ? % α = ? | 3197 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=2.2 6 | ||
4+ | < 17 fs % IT = ? % α = ? | 3562 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.071 16 | ||
4+ | < 17 fs % IT = ? % α = ? | 5135 | E2+(M3) | -0.052 35 | B(E2)(W.u.)=3.2 6 | |
7615.9 | 1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 1418 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.07 7 | |
1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 2280 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0045 13 | ||
1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 3160 | M1+E2 | -0.027 8 | ||
1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 5634 | E1+M2 | -0.21 3 | ||
1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 7616 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00046 11 | ||
7864 | 5- | % IT = 100 | 4309 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)>0.0009 | |
8037.8 | 1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 2783 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0043 14 | |
1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 4404 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00028 8 | ||
1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 6057 | E1 | BE1=0.0072 15 | ||
1- | < 2.5 keV % IT = ? % α = ? | 8038 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.00070 17 | ||
8125 | 5- | % IT = ? % α = ? | 3027 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=5 5 | |
5- | % IT = ? % α = ? | 4570 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0061 11 | ||
8213 | 2+ | 1.0 keV 8 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 3115 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0050 11 | |
2+ | 1.0 keV 8 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 3757 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0049 16 | ||
2+ | 1.0 keV 8 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 4293 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.0072 30 | ||
2+ | 1.0 keV 8 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 4658 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=2.4 10 | ||
2+ | 1.0 keV 8 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 6231 | M1 | B(M1)(W.u.)=0.024 8 | ||
2+ | 1.0 keV 8 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 8213 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=0.9 3 | ||
8282 | 3- | 8 keV 1 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 3022 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.014 5 | |
3- | 8 keV 1 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 3826 | E2 | B(E2)(W.u.)=8 8 | ||
3- | 8 keV 1 % IT = ? % n = ? % α = ? | 4727 | E1 | B(E1)(W.u.)=0.0061 16 | ||
E(level) (keV) | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | E(γ) (keV) | Multipolarity | Mixing Ratio | Additional Data |
Additional Level Data and Comments:
E(level) | Jπ(level) | T1/2(level) | Comments |
900E1 | (1-) | % α = ? | Level uncertain. E(level): Level uncertain. See 18N β- decay for disscusion of this level. |
9270 | (0,1,2)- | E(level): See 18N β- decay for disscusion of this level. | |
10240 | (0,1,2)- | % n = 100 | E(level): See 18N β- decay for disscusion of this level. |
11490 | (0,1,2)- | % n = 100 | E(level): See 18N β- decay for disscusion of this level. |
E(level) | E(gamma) | Comments |