228RA    228FR B- DECAY                1998GU09,1982RU04,1982RUZW14NDS    201403
228RA  H TYP=FUL$AUT=KHALIFEH ABUSALEEM$CIT=NDS 116, 163 (2014)$CUT=31-Dec-2012$
228RA  N 0.0534    46 0.0534 46  1.0      1.0
228RA PN                                                                     3
228RA cN NR        From |SI(|g+ce)(g.s.)=88 {I12} (I|b(g.s.)<24 from log|
228RA2cN {If{+1u}t}|>8.5). Note that 1982Ru04 adopt I|b(g.s.)=0 on the
228RA3cN assumption that J({+228}Fr)=3. J=2 was determined in a later
228RAxcN experiment.
228RA cN NR        There has also been a suggestion that the 63.8|g may be
228RA2cN a doublet including a weak 63.31|g from the 537.49 level. From
228RA3cN intensity balance I(63.3|g)<1.8 which would make I(63.8|g)>15.7
228RA4cN and the normalization factor <0.0593. This limit is barely outside
228RA5cN the uncertainty of the normalization factor of 0.0534 {I46}.
228FR  P 0            2-               38 S       1             4427      14
228RA c  1998Gu09: Two sets of conversion electron measurement have been
228RA2c  performed. The first was carried using {+228}Fr source that was
228RA3c  produced in a spallation reaction of {+238}UC{-2} induced by 600 MeV
228RA4c  proton beams at CERN Synchrotron and extracted from other reaction
228RA5c  channels with ISOLDE II Facility. |b|g|g(t) and second conversion
228RA6c  electron measurements have carried using Francium produced by a
228RA7c  spallation reaction in a {+232}ThC{-2} target induced by 1 GeV protons
228RA8c  from the CERN PS-Booster.
228RA c  1982Ru04 and 1982RuZW report the results of the same study: |g-rays
228RA2c  following |b-decay have been investigated (singles and |g|g
228RA3c  coincidences) using Ge(Li) detectors. {+228}Fr source was
228RA4c  produced in a spallation reaction of {+238}U induced by 600 MeV proton
228RA5c  beams at CERN Synchrotron and extracted from other reaction channels
228RA6c  with ISOLDE II Facility. Measured: E{-|g}, I{-|g}, and T{-1/2}.
228RA7c  Obtained half life is in good agreement with the adopted value.
228RA cL J$ From 1998Gu09, up to the (3+) level at 1070 keV. J|p for
228RA2cL higher levels are from
228RA2cL 1982Ru04. The conversion electron and the fast timing data
228RA3cL confirm the previously tentatively assigned spins
228RA cL T$ From 1998Gu09 from |b|g|g(t) method, except otherwise noted.
228RA CL $Level lifetime was measured with the |b|g|g(t) method. NE111A
228RA2CL plastic scintillator detector was used as fast response detector to |b,
228RA3CL BaF{-2} as fast response |g-detector, and two Ge for |g rays.
228RA4CL Time information was obtained from the time-delayed between the fast
228RA5CL response |b{+-} and |g-detectors, while the other two Ge detectors were
228RA6CL used to select the desired decay branch.
228RA cL E         From a least-squares fit to the E|g
228RA cL E$A 0+ level at 981.1 keV is proposed by 1998Gu09 based on observing
228RA2cL electron peak at 150.0 keV. The peak is interpreted as the
228RA3cL K-line of 259.9 keV, E0 transition. The upper limit of I|g of the
228RA5cL transition is 0.3 with respect to I|g(E|g=140.86). Further support for
228RA6cL this transition comes from the measured |a(K/L1+L2) of 4.3(14) that is
228RA7cL comparable to the theoretical prediction of 5.30. The state is not
228RA8cL placed in the level scheme since no evidence for |g-rays connecting any
228RA9cL other level. For details see the discussion in 1998Gu09.
228RA CL BAND(A)   KPI=0+ GS BAND
228RA CL BAND(B)   KPI=0- OCTUPOLE-VIBRATIONAL BAND
228RA CL BAND(C)   KPI=SECOND 0+ BAND
228RA CL BAND(D)   KPI=2+? BAND
228RA CL BAND(E)   KPI=SECOND 2+ BAND
228RA cB IB        The I|b from I(|g+ce) imbalance at each level with
228RA2cB I|b(g.s.)<24% from log| {If{+1u}t}>8.5.
228RA cG E,RI$ From 1982RuZW, except otherwise noted.
228RA cG RI(A)     From coincidence spectrum
228RA cG E(C)      Weighted average of value from {+228}Fr |b{+-} decay and
228RA2cG authors' unpublished data from {+232}Th |a decay. Neither value is
228RA3cG given separately
228RA cG E(D),RI(D)$From coincidence measurements (1982RuZW)
228RA cG M(B)      Existence and multipolarity of 167|g and E0 component
228RA2cG in 171|g inferred from excess of K| x ray in coincidence spectrum
228RA3cG gated by the 782, 835 and 846 |g's (1982Ru04)
228RA cG M$ From 1998Gu09 based on conversion electron, except otherwise noted.
228RA  G 365.64     6 5.2     4
228RA  G 377.5      2 0.9     2
228RA  G 379.0      2 1.0     2
228RA  G 405.91     8 3.2     3
228RA  G 595.8      1 2.0     2
228RA  G 751.5      3 2.9     3
228RA  G 767.1      5 2.4     4
228RA  G 790.5      5 1.9     2
228RA  G 852.5      5 2.9     3
228RA  G 919.5      3 6.2     5
228RA  G 925.8      2 19.8   10
228RA  G  983.6     3  6.7   4
228RA  G 1005.0     5 9.9    20
228RA  G 1048.8    10 5.4     5
228RA  G 1083.2    10 5.2     5
228RA  G 1137.3    10 4.3     5
228RA  G 1180.3    10 3.0     5
228RA  G 1206.0    15 3.4     6
228RA  G 1224.6     5 8.6     5
228RA  G 1234.9    15 3.5     7
228RA  G 1246.6    10 7.4     5
228RA  G 1259.5    10 6.4     5
228RA  G 1310.9    10 5.3     5
228RA  G 1332.6    10 5.7     5
228RA  G 1342.7    10 3.0     6
228RA  G 1359.2    15 2.3     4
228RA  G 1429.2    15 3.2     6
228RA  G 1468.0    10 3.9     4
228RA  G 1484.8    15 3.6     7
228RA  G 1487.7    15 2.7     5
228RA  G 1491.8    15 3.0     3
228RA  G 1532.2    15 4.9     4
228RA  G 1644.2    10 5.8     5
228RA  G 1656.7    15 3.0     3
228RA  G 1695.6    10 4.3     4
228RA  G 1715.5    10 5.4     4
228RA  G 1725.9    15 2.8     3
228RA  G 1754.8    10 6.2    12
228RA  G 1800.5    15 3.2     3
228RA  G 1811.3    10 8.6     6
228RA  G 1844.8    10 10.4    7
228RA  G 1858.8    10 3.1     3
228RA  G 1865.5    15 2.0     5
228RA  G 1879.3    15 2.1     6
228RA  G 1885.9    10 8.3     6
228RA  G 1930.5    10 7.9     5
228RA  G 1943.4    10 5.2     4
228RA  G 1991.5    10 5.5    10
228RA  G 1996.0    15 5.2    10
228RA  G 2007.0    10 4.4     7
228RA  G 2033.7    10 14.2   14
228RA  G 2063.2    10 4.3     4
228RA  G 2077.6    10 11.1   11
228RA  G 2114.1    10 5.1     5
228RA  G 2131.4    10 7.7     6
228RA  G 2156.0    15 2.8     4
228RA  G 2170.7    15 2.5     4
228RA  G 2177.8    10 6.4     7
228RA  G 2181.7    15 3.1     5
228RA  G 2193.8    15 1.6     3
228RA  G 2206.7    15 2.3     3
228RA  G 2219.8    15 1.9     5
228RA  G 2283.4    15 3.1     5
228RA  G 2286.6    15 4.4     5
228RA  G 2392.3    10 4.5     6
228RA  G 2414.2    10 10.8    9
228RA  G 2442.9    15 3.6     4
228RA  G 2454.3    15 3.9     4
228RA  L 0             0+                                                   A
228RA  B             12      11             8.9   4                          1U
228RAS B EAV=1702.8 61
228RA cB IB        from log| {If{+1u}t}|>8.5
228RA  L 63.823    20  2+               550 PS   20                         A
228RA CL J$E2 |g-ray to 0+; member of g.s. band
228RA CL T$Also obtained from shape de-convolution measurement which is in
228RA2CL full agreement with the value obtained using |b|g|g(t) method.
228RA  B             22      8             6.89  16
228RAS B EAV=1716.2 60
228RA  G 63.83      2 17.5   15 E2                     81.9                 CC
228RAS G LC=59.9$  MC=16.2$  NC+=5.82
228RA cG M         |a(exp)=133 {I40} (from I(322|g)(63.8|g)/I(322|g)(141|g),
228RA2cG assuming the 141|g is E2)
228RA cG M$ from (L1+L2)/L3/M/(N+...)=100/83.5 23/60 4/18.7 20;
228RA2cG theory: (100/82.5/50/15.6) for E2 |g-ray (1998Gu09)
228RA  L 204.68    3   4+              181 PS    3                          A
228RA cL J$ E2 |g-ray to 2+; member of g.s. band
228RA CL T$Also obtained from shape de-convolution measurement which is in
228RA2CL full agreement with the value obtained using |b|g|g(t) method.
228RA  B             7.8     18            8.94  11                          1U
228RAS B EAV=1614.5 61
228RA  G 140.86     2 100     9 E2                     2.30                 CC
228RA3 G BE2=17.16E+3 37$BE2W=207 4
228RA cG M$(L1+L2)/L3/M/(N+...)=100/57.4 34/39.6 27/13.6 16; theory:
228RA3cG (100/56.9/37.7/15.1),|a(K)exp=0.27 {I5};|a(K)theory=0.29 for E2
228RA4cG (1998Gu09).
228RAS G KC=0.287$  LC=1.47$  MC=0.400$  NC+=0.145
228RA  L 411.68    5 (6+)                                                   A
228RA cL J$ possible member of g.s. band
228RA  G 206.98     4 4.7     4 [E2]                   0.527                 C
228RAS G KC=0.154$  LC=0.274$  MC=0.0737$  NC+=0.0264
228RA  L 474.18    4  1-               7 PS      LE                         B
228RA cL J$E1 |g-ray to 2+
228RA cL T$Represents average of four independent measurements. 2|s limit
228RA  B             7.16    6             7.209 14
228RAS B EAV=1541.8 60
228RA  G 410.40     6 115     6  E1                    0.0179                C
228RA3 G BE1W GE 1.5E-4
228RA CG M$|a(K)exp=0.017 {I3} (1998Gu09);|a(K)theory=0.015 for E1
228RAS G KC=0.0145$  LC=0.00255$  MC=0.00060$  NC+=0.00021
228RA  G 474.0      1 140    26 [E1]                   0.0133               AC
228RA3 G BE1W GE 1.2E-4
228RAS G KC=0.0108$  LC=0.00187$  MC=0.00044$  NC+=0.00015
228RA  L 537.49    4  3-               6 PS      LE                         B
228RA CL J$E1 |g-ray to 4+
228RA cL T$ Represents average of ten time-delayed measurements. 2|s limit
228RA  B             7.4     13            7.17   8
228RAS B EAV=1514.9 60
228RA  G 332.91     5 47      3  E1                    0.0280                C
228RA3 G BE1W GE 1.5E-4
228RA cG M$ |a(K)exp=0.032 {I7};|a(K)theory=0.023 for E1 (1998Gu09)
228RAS G KC=0.0226$  LC=0.00409$  MC=0.00097$  NC+=0.00034
228RA  G 473.7      1 187    20 [E1]                   0.0133               AC
228RA3 G BE1W GE 2.2E-4
228RAS G KC=0.0108$  LC=0.00187$  MC=0.00044$  NC+=0.00015
228RA  L 655.96    5 (5-)                                                   B
228RA cL J$ |g's to 4+ and (6+). Probable member of K=0 octupole band
228RA  G 244.4      1 0.9     2 [E1]                   0.0567                C
228RAS G KC=0.0454$  LC=0.00853$  MC=0.00203$  NC+=0.00071
228RA  G 451.20     6 18.6   10 [E1]                   0.0147                C
228RAS G KC=0.0119$  LC=0.00207$  MC=0.00049$  NC+=0.00017
228RA  L 721.19     8  0+                                                   C
228RA CL J$E0 |g-ray to 0+
228RA  G 247.01     8 2.1     2 [E1]                   0.0553                C
228RAS G KC=0.0443$  LC=0.00831$  MC=0.00198$  NC+=0.00069
228RA  G 657.4      2 4.8     3 [E2]                   0.0211
228RAS G KC=0.0151$  LC=0.00453
228RA  G 721.2     5            E0                                             S
228RA CG E$proposed by 1998Gu09 based on conversion electron spectrum.
228RA CG M$|a(K)exp GE 1.4 ;|a(K)theory=0.0048 for E1, 0.057 for M1, and
228RA2CG 0.013 for E2 (1998Gu09)
228RA  L 770.71    4  2+                                                    C
228RA CL J$Strong E0 component of E0+M1+E2 |g-ray to 2+ state of the g.s. band.
228RA  B             1.85    19            7.66   5
228RAS B EAV=1415.8 60
228RA  G 233.25     4 7.0     6 [E1]                   0.0632                C
228RAS G KC=0.0506$  LC=0.0096$  MC=0.00228$  NC+=0.00079
228RA  G 296.53     5 7.6     7 [E1]                   0.0363                C
228RAS G KC=0.0293$  LC=0.00536$  MC=0.00128$  NC+=0.00044
228RA  G 565.8      1 6.4     4 [E2]                   0.0293                C
228RAS G KC=0.0200$  LC=0.00698
228RA  G 706.9      1 9.1     5 E0+M1+E2               0.55   8
228RA CG M$|a(K)exp=0.55 {I8};|a(K)theory=0.0.0049 for E1, 0.061 for M1, and
228RA2CG 0.013 for E2 (1998Gu09)
228RAS G KC=0.037 24$  LC=0.007 4
228RA  G 770.7      1 12.0    6 [E2]                   0.0150
228RAS G KC=0.0113$  LC=0.00296
228RA  L 846.14     9 2+                                                    D
228RA CL J$E0 |g-ray from 2+
228RA  B             3.0     3             7.42   5
228RAS B EAV=1383.8 60
228RA  G 782.3      1 38.8   20  M1+E2                 0.034  20             C
228RA CG M$|a(K)exp=0.012 {I5};|a(K)theory=0.0041 for E1, 0.046 for M1, and
228RA2CG 0.010 for E2 (1998Gu09)
228RAS G KC=0.029 18$  LC=0.006 3
228RA  G 846.2      2 27.8   14 [E2]                   0.0125
228RAS G KC=0.0095$  LC=0.00234
228RA  L 880.30    6  4+                                                    C
228RA CL J$Strong E0 component of E0+M1+E2 |g-ray to 4+ level of the g.s. band.
228RA  B             0.19    5             10.11 12                          1U
228RAS B EAV=1325.9 60
228RA  G 224.35     8 2.3     2 [E1]                   0.0693                C
228RAS G KC=0.0554$  LC=0.0105$  MC=0.00251$  NC+=0.00087
228RA  G 342.88     6 4.8     4 [E1]                   0.0263                C
228RAS G KC=0.0212$  LC=0.00382$  MC=0.00091$  NC+=0.00032
228RA  G 468.4      1 1.0     3 [E2]                   0.0459                C
228RAS G KC=0.0290$  LC=0.0126$  MC=0.00324$  NC+=0.00116
228RA  G 675.6      5 2.1     3 E0+M1+E2               1.3    3
228RA CG M$|a(K)exp=1.3 {I3};|a(K)theory=0.0.0054 for E1, 0.068 for M1, and
228RA2CG 0.014 for E2 (1998Gu09)
228RAS G KC=0.04 3$  LC=0.008 4
228RA  L 898.85    8 (3+)                                                   D
228RA  B             1.7     8             7.64  21
228RAS B EAV=1361.4 60
228RA  G 694.2      1 11.2    6 [M1,E2]                0.05   3              C
228RAS G KC=0.039 25$  LC=0.008 4
228RA  G 835.0      2 53      3 [M1,E2]                0.031  18             C
228RAS G KC=0.024 15$  LC=0.0047 24
228RA  L 966.99    19 (2+,4+)
228RA  G 762.4      2 11.9    6                                              C
228RA  L 1013.24   14 2+                                                    E
228RA CL J$E0 |g-ray to 2+
228RA  B             2.8     4             7.37   7
228RAS B EAV=1312.9 60
228RA  G 167.1      3 0.5    LT  E0                             7.4       APB
228RA2 G FLAG=D
228RA cG TI        I(|g+ce)/I|g(949)|?0.095 from I(K| x ray) in |g|g (1982RuZW)
228RA  G 949.4      2 78      4 [M1,E2]                0.022  13             C
228RAS G KC=0.018 10$  LC=0.0034 16
228RA  G 1013.7    10 2.0    5                                              &
228RA  L 1042.01   11(0+)
228RA  B              0.21    4            8.48   9
228RAS B EAV=1300.7 60
228RA  G 567.8      1 10.0    5                                              C
228RA  L 1052.78   13(2+,3,4+)
228RA  B             1.30    15            7.68   6
228RAS B EAV=1296.1 60
228RA  G 172.4      2 0.6     1
228RA  G 515.2      2 3.2     8                                              C
228RA  G 989.8      3 31.1   16
228RA  L 1070.23   7 (3+)                                                   E
228RA  B             3.6     8             7.23  10
228RAS B EAV=1288.7 60
228RA  G 171.4      1 1.8     2 E0+M1+E2                16     7            B
228RA CG M$ From CC(L1+L2)(exp)=1.0 {I3}; theory: 0.017 for E1, 0.41 for E2,
228RA2CG and 0.53 for M1. These values reveal strong component of E0 (1998Gu09)
228RA cG CC        from |a(K)exp (value not given) from I(K| x ray) in |g|g and
228RA2cG |a/|a(K) (theory, value not given)
228RA  G 532.68     8 2.0     2 [E1]                   0.0105
228RAS G KC=0.0085$  LC=0.00146
228RA  G 865.8      2 18.0    9 [M1,E2]                0.027  15             C
228RAS G KC=0.022 14$  LC=0.0043 21
228RA  G 1006.5     5 17.1   25                                              C
228RA  L 1087.28   7 (1-,2,3-)
228RA  B             2.13    23            7.45   5
228RAS B EAV=1281.5 60
228RA  G 549.83     7 23.8   17                                              C
228RA  G 613.06     8 25.2   13                                              C
228RA  L 1109.10   19(2+,3,4+)
228RA  B             0.64    9             7.96   7
228RAS B EAV=1272.2 60
228RA  G 904.4      2 19.0   10                                              C
228RA  L 1157.59   21(2+,3,4+)
228RA  B             1.11    13            7.69   6
228RAS B EAV=1251.7 60
228RA  G 952.9      3 8.6     6                                              C
228RA  G 1092.8     5 22.4   12                                              C
228RA  L 1182.26   8 (3-,4+)
228RA  B             0.62    6             7.93   5
228RAS B EAV=1241.2 60
228RA  G 526.22     8 2.7     2                                              C
228RA  G 644.9      1 8.9     5                                              C
228RA  L 1219.97   13(2+)
228RA  B             0.12    6             8.63  22
228RAS B EAV=1225.3 60
228RA  G 498.8      1 1.6     2 [E2]                   0.0394
228RAS G KC=0.0256$  LC=0.0103$  MC=0.00164$  NC+=0.00094
228RA  G 1015.7     8 4.5    10                                              C
228RA  L 1238.5    3 (0+,1,2,3-)
228RA  B             1.64    16            7.48   5
228RAS B EAV=1217.4 60
228RA  G 764.5      3 6.6     4                                              C
228RA  G 1174.2     5 24.1   12
228RA  L 1349.5    4 (4+)
228RA  B             0.49    6             9.33   6                          1U
228RAS B EAV=1128.6 59
228RA  G 937.6      5 2.7     3 [E2]                   0.0103
228RAS G KC=0.00789$  LC=0.00182
228RA  G 1145.0     5 6.4     6                                              C
228RA  L 1471.75   12(1-,2,3,4+)
228RA  B             0.67    7             7.74   5
228RAS B EAV=1118.8 59
228RA  G 625.6      1 3.3     2
228RA  G 934.3      2 6.3     4                                              C
228RA  G 1406.4    15 3.0     6
228RA  L 1495.34   13(1+,2,3,4+)
228RA  B             0.32    6             8.05   9
228RAS B EAV=1108.9 59
228RA  G 425.1      1 1.1     2
228RA  G 1432.9    15 4.8     8
228RA  L 1507.14   17(2+,3-)
228RA  B             0.55    10            7.81   8
228RAS B EAV=1103.9 59
228RA  G 493.9      1 2.4     2
228RA  G 1033.0    10 7.9    15
228RA  G 1303.1    10 3.7     4                                              C
228RA  L 1518.87   21(0+,1,2,3-)                                               ?
228RA  B             1.38    25            7.40   8                            ?
228RAS B EAV=1099.0 59
228RA  G 551.9      1 1.8     3
228RA  G 1043.2     8 20      4
228RA  G 1454.7    10 4.0     4
228RA  L 1579.8    3 (1-,2,3-)
228RA  B             1.38    25            7.36   8
228RAS B EAV=1073.3 59
228RA  G 422.3      2 1.5     2
228RA  G 1041.6     8 10      2
228RA  G 1105.6     8 11.6    7
228RA  G 1514.9    15 2.7     3
228RA  L 1911.82   161,2+
228RA  B             2.34    23            6.93   5
228RAS B EAV=933.9 59
228RA  G 824.4      5 4.4     3
228RA  G 869.7      2 6.1     4                                              C
228RA  G 898.7      2 15.1    8
228RA  G 1013.7    10  2.0   5                                              &
228RA  G 1190.8    15 4.1     8
228RA  G 1847.5    10 7.0    10
228RA  G 1911.5    10 5.2    4                                              &
228RA  L 1974.61   241,2+
228RA  B             1.79    17            7.00   5
228RAS B EAV=907.6 59
228RA  G 816.5      3 8.7     5
228RA  G 922.3      3 10.5    6
228RA  G 1501.6    15 3.8     4
228RA  G 1911.5    10 5.2    4                                              &
228RA  G 1973.8    10 5.3     4
228RA  L 2041.1     3(2+)
228RA  B             1.89    18            6.93   5
228RAS B EAV=879.9 59
228RA  G 821.7      5 3.8     3 [M1,E2]                0.030  18
228RAS G KC=0.025 15$  LC=0.0049 24
228RA  G 1027.2     5 4.9    10
228RA  G 1162.0    10 6.5     6
228RA  G 1194.2    15 3.3    6                                              &
228RA  G 1318.8    10 3.7     7
228RA  G 1566.9    10 13.0    8                                              C
228RA  L 2107.93   19 (2+,3,4+)
228RA  B             1.05    12            7.14   6
228RAS B EAV=852.0 59
228RA  G 600.8      1 3.7     2
228RA  G 1902.8    10 2.9     3
228RA  G 2043.5    10 13.0   13
228RA  L 2110.8    4 (2,3-)
228RA  B             5.4     6             6.43   5
228RAS B EAV=850.8 59
228RA  G 1001.6     5 3.3     5
228RA  G 1024.4    10 4.8    10
228RA  G 1096.9     8 14.8    8
228RA  G 1211.5    15 2.5     5
228RA  G 1340.2    10 5.0    10
228RA  G 1572.4    10 25.6   16                                              C
228RA  G 1637.7    10 4.4     4
228RA  G 2047.8    10 41      4                                              C
228RA  L 2138.3    6  2+
228RA  B             1.22    13            7.05   5
228RAS B EAV=839.4 59
228RA  G 1171.0    10 7.4     6
228RA  G 1601.1    15 4.3     8                                              C
228RA  G 1663.7    15 3.9     5
228RA  G 1934.8    15 3.8     3
228RA  G 2137.8    15 3.4     4
228RA  L 2161.3    5  2+
228RA  B             2.29    24            6.76   5
228RAS B EAV=829.8 59
228RA  G 1052.4    10 3.7     5
228RA  G 1194.2    15 3.3    6                                              &
228RA  G 1390.8    10 4.0     4
228RA  G 1955.9    10 5.2     4                                              C
228RA  G 2097.4    10 23.1   23
228RA  G 2162.4    15 3.5     5
228RA  L 2168.2    7  (2+,3,4+)
228RA  B             0.89    10            7.17   6
228RAS B EAV=827.0 59
228RA  G 1631.0    15 2.6     4
228RA  G 1963.0    10 4.7     4                                              C
228RA  G 2104.7    10 9.4     9