Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Elastic recoil cross section determination of 1H by 4He ions at 30° and energy range of 1.6–6.0 MeV
Introduction
Nowadays, with the fever of the fusion reactors researching the information of the hydrogen in the materials is becoming more and more important. Hydrogen has significant effects on the physical, chemical and electrical properties of materials in many cases. What is more, the depth profiling of hydrogen isotopes is of great interest in not only studies of fusion reactor wall materials, but also in hydrogen storage alloys, [1] amorphous silicon solar cells, data storage, electronics and steel industries [2] and among others also. Hydrogen is also a common contaminant element in many materials. And for all these reasons, it is very necessary to know the profiling information in the materials. There are several ways to detect the hydrogen profiling in the materials such as secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), micro combustion analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), but few are absolute and most are destructive. Among all the methods to detect the hydrogen in the materials the elastic recoil detection analysis is very useful because of the high resolution and the non-destructive in the materials. With this way the alpha–proton elastic scattering cross sections are needed.
Some work in determining H(4He, H)4He elastic scattering cross sections had been done [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. But the data of different researchers is of a very notable difference which can be more than 50% at some energies The discrepancies are often above the quoted uncertainty level. The most challenging difficulty in the determination of the alpha–proton elastic scattering cross sections is to make sure the certain content of the H atoms in the target during the whole measurement because of hydrogen loss from the ion bombardment. This is the main source of the experimental error. In this work, the content of H in the target could be given by using a relative determination through the 12C–1H Rutherford cross section equation. The target of Ta/TiHx/Si prepared by magnetron sputtering can almost fully free of hydrogen loss from the ion bombardment. By employing relative determination of cross section, the measurements of the solid angle and the total number of the ions incident in the target, which are usually difficult to determine exactly, can be avoided
Section snippets
Experimental system
The incident 4He ion beam in the energy region of 1.6–6.0 MeV was provided by the NEC 9SDH-2 2 × 3 MV tandem accelerator of Fudan University. The beam energy calibration was carried out using the 19F(p,γ) resonance at the proton energy of 0.827 MeV as well as the other three resonance reactions 27Al(p,γ) 28Si, 13C(p,γ)14N and 16O(α,α)16O at the energy of 0.992, 1.748 and 3.045 MeV, respectively.
The experimental system was designed to determine the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and ERDA
Results and discussion
Values for the individual cross-section measurements are presented in Fig. 4 and tabulated in Table 1. According to the Eq. (4), the main errors for calculating the cross section come from calculating the peak areas of Ta and H in the Maestro [19] program. Using origin program to fit the peaks of H and Ta and then comparing the fitting peaks with the original peaks, the errors resulting from the statistics and background substraction uncertainties can be within 1.2% for ATa–He, 2.2% for AH–He,
Conclusion
The differential cross-section for forward recoiling 1H with 4He ions in the energy range of 1.6–6.0 MeV at a laboratory angle of 30° has been determined using a new measurement method. The accuracy of the cross section data is better than ±5.2%. Since a Ta/TiHx/Si target was prepared using magnetron sputtering in the atmosphere of H2 and Ar mixture gas, the hydrogen loss from the target containing hydrogen by bombarding of energetic ion beam, which significantly influences accurate measurement
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the staff of the tandem accelerator in The Key Lab of Applied Ion Beam Physics at Fudan University, for their cooperation during ion beam analysis experiments. Our work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 91126019.
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