Calculation and analysis of 63,65,natCu(p,x) reaction cross sections in the Ep ⩽ 250 MeV energy range
Introduction
With the development of nuclear science and technology, the accelerator-driven clean nuclear power system (ADS) has been an interesting focus in nuclear physics. They require accurate nuclear reaction data of common cross sections and especially need the data of neutron and proton induced energy-angle correlated spectra of secondary light particles as well as double differential cross sections, γ-ray production cross sections and γ-ray production energy spectra. The development of high-quality nuclear data for copper is particularly important due to copper’s role as an important structural material in many accelerator-driven system designs. The application field of charged particle nuclear data is becoming promising and expanding, as in space radiation effects, medical radioisotope production, radiation damage of materials, activation analysis, and standard reference nuclear data. The radioisotope yield cross sections can tell us which energy region is more suitable for specific radioisotope production in certain nuclear reactions. These radioisotopes are used in medicine both for diagnostic studies and therapy. Natural Cu consists of two isotopes, that is 63Cu (69.345%) and 65Cu (30.365%).
Since the experimental data of charged particle induced reactions are scarce and there are significant discrepancies among experimental data of different laboratories, self-consistent calculation and analysis using nuclear theoretical models are very important and interesting. Better nuclear data libraries for the p + 63,65,natCu reactions are also required for applications over the incident proton energy range from threshold energy to 250 MeV.
In this work, the double differential cross sections for emission neutrons, protons, deuterons, tritons, helium and alpha, angle-integrated spectra and proton induced cross sections are calculated using the nuclear theoretical models code MEND which integrates the optical model, the intra-nuclear cascade model and the direct, pre-equilibrium and equilibrium reaction theories. The optical model potential parameters are obtained from experimental data of reaction cross sections and elastic scattering angular distributions for p + 63,65,natCu reactions, and elastic scattering angular distribution for p + 58Ni and p + 68Zn. The double differential cross sections for emission neutrons and protons are obtained from Kalbach systematics.
Section 2 provides a description of the theoretical models used in this work. Section 3 gives analysis and comparisons of calculated results with experimental data. Section 4 gives simple conclusion.
Section snippets
Optical model and optical potential parameters
The optical model is used to describe measured reaction cross sections and elastic scattering angular distributions, and calculate the transmission coefficient of the compound nucleus and the pre-equilibrium emission process. The optical potentials considered here are Woods–Saxon [1] form for the real part, Woods–Saxon and derivative Woods–Saxon form for the imaginary parts corresponding to the volume and surface absorptions, respectively, and the Thomas form for the spin–orbit part. In order
For p + 63Cu reaction
The calculated results of (p, n) reaction cross sections are compared with experimental data [20], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52] taken from different laboratories. The calculated results for 63Cu(p, n) reaction cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data taken from EXFOR as shown in Fig. 3. The calculated curves pass through the experimental data [53] within error bars for 63Cu(p, α) reaction as shown
Conclusions
According to the experimental data of reaction cross section and elastic scattering angular distribution of p + 63,65,natCu reactions, and experimental data of elastic scattering angular distribution for p + 58Ni and p + 68Zn reactions, a set of optimal proton optical potential parameters is obtained up to 250 MeV by code APMN. All cross sections of proton induced reactions, angular distributions, and double differential cross sections for 63,65,natCu are calculated using nuclear theory models that
Acknowledgements
This work is one of the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China, that is the physical and technological researches of accelerator-driven clean nuclear power system (ADS) and supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract No. G1999022603. A part of this work was supported by the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology as one of its long-term nuclear R&D programs.
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