For hadron-nucleus scattering, the projectile’s Coulomb interaction induces, in optical potential approximations to multiple-scattering theories, an effective shift in the local energy at which the optical potential is evaluated. In addition, it gives rise to a contribution related to the Coulomb excitation (or deexcitation) of the target accompanied by the corresponding deexcitation (or excitation) by the strong interaction. The first effect is often referred to as the Coulomb shift of the reaction energy. We investigate more specifically the second one, which is usually neglected. The relative importance of both effects is studied for ${\mathrm{\pi }}^{\pm }$-nucleus scattering at intermediate energies.

• Received 11 December 1989

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.41.1637