Elsevier

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 471, Issues 1–2, 7 September 1987, Pages 53-76
Nuclear Physics A

Mechanisms of momentum and energy transfer in intermediate-energy collisions

https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90243-0Get rights and content

Abstract

Systematic features of momentum and energy transfer in nuclear reactions above E/A ⩾ 20 MeV are examined. Various mechanisms for momentum transfer are illustrated from exclusive measurements of the 6Li + 238U system at E/A = 25 MeV. These, and other, studies confirm that precompound nucleon emission is the dominant source of momentum and energy loss in central collisions near the Fermi energy. This indicates the growing Importance of nucleon-nucleon collisions relative to mean field effects in intermediate-energy collisions. This result is supported by the approximate agreement between linear momentum transfer data and calculations based on precompound-decay, intranuclear-cascade and BUU/LV models. Another source of momentum loss which becomes increasingly important for E/A ⩾ 40 MeV is intermediate-mass fragment production. Recent measurements of these fragments, tagged according to momentum loss, demonstrate the presence of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium sources.

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    This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.s

    The author is indebted to a large number of his colleagues who participated in this work. Special recognition is due to Kris Kwiatkowski and Mirek Fatyaga at Indiana University who were largely responsible for much of the work presented here. Among the many other collaborators I also wish to express my appreciation to L.W. Woo, W.G. Wilson, R. Byrd, C.K. Gelbke, W.G. Lynch, M.B. Tsang, D.J. Fields, C. Chitwood, J. Pochodzalla, H. Karwowski, L. Nowicki, W. Skulski and J. Jastrzebski. I am also grateful to G. Bertsch, J. Aichelin and M. Blann for use of their theoretical calculations.

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