Energy levels of light nuclei A = 18–20

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(83)90180-X

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 392, Issue 1, 3 January 1983, Pages 1-184

https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(83)90180-X Get rights and content

Abstract

Compilation of energy levels of A = 18, 19 and 20 nuclei, with emphasis on the review of material leading to information about the structure of the A = 18, 19 and 20 systems.

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Theoretical study of structure and production of FΛ19 as a gateway to sd-shell hypernuclei
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Energy level structures of the typical light sd-shell hypernucleus ${}_{Λ}^{19}F$ , together with ¹⁸F, have been studied in detail with the multi-configuration shell model. Both positive-parity and negative-parity nuclear core excitations are fully taken into account by removing the spurious center-of-mass excitation effects. Corresponding to the J-PARC proposal of the ¹⁹F ( $K^{-}, π^{-} γ$ ) ${}_{Λ}^{19}F$ experiment, the production cross sections have been estimated extensively, including the angular distributions. Starting with the elementary amplitudes for the $K^{-} n \to Λ π^{-}$ process, the microscopic DWIA calculations at high energy kaon momenta up to $1.8 GeV / c$ have been carried out for the first time. The calculated wave functions are also used to estimate the electromagnetic transition probabilities for both ¹⁸F and ${}_{Λ}^{19}F$ . The detailed γ-decay schemes are presented and discussed.
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Disintegration of ¹²C nuclei by tagged photons of 700–1500 MeV energy at the GRAAL facility has been studied by means of the LAGRANγE detector with a wide angular acceptance. The energy and momentum distributions of produced neutrons and protons as well as their multiplicity distributions were measured and compared with corresponding distributions calculated with the RELDIS model based on the intranuclear cascade and Fermi break-up models. It was found that eight fragments are created on average once per about 100 disintegration events, while a complete fragmentation of ¹²C into 12 nucleons is observed typically only once per 2000 events. Measured multiplicity distributions of produced fragments are well described by the model. The measured total photoabsorption cross section on ¹²C in the same energy range is also reported.
Stopping powers of LiF thin films deposited onto self-supporting Al foils for swift protons
2013, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Citation Excerpt :
During experimental runs, the samples were placed onto a movable target holder and could be changed without breaking the high vacuum (pressure of ∼2 × 10−6 mbar) inside the scattering chamber [24]. Prior to performing proton energy loss measurements, the V.d.G. accelerator was calibrated in energy by exploring in details well known resonances from the 19F(p, αγ)16O and 27Al(p, γ)28Si nuclear reactions [28–33]. In this operation, the targets used were prepared by vacuum evaporating pure Al and CaF2 compound onto 0.5 mm-thick Ta backings.
The energy losses of ∼(0.273–3.334) MeV protons in LiF thin films deposited by vacuum evaporation onto self-supporting Al foils have been measured using the transmission method. The thicknesses of selected and used LiF/Al target samples were accurately determined via systematic energy loss measurements for alpha particles from a very thin mixed ²⁴¹Am/²³⁹Pu/²³³U radioactive source. The samples were investigated in detail for their stoichiometry and their impurity contents by backscattering Rutherford spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis. Then, LiF stopping powers have been determined with overall relative uncertainty of less than 2.7% arising mainly from errors in the determination of target sample thicknesses. These S(E) data are reported and discussed in comparison to previous experimental data sets from the literature and to values calculated by the Sigmund–Schinner binary collision stopping theory both for molecular LiF, and for the LiF compound assuming Bragg–Kleeman’s additivity rule. Our S(E) data show to be in excellent agreement with the latter theory for molecular LiF over the whole proton energy range explored, which supports the use of modified electronic hydrogen wave functions for evaluating atomic shell corrections in the case of low-Z₂ target materials. In contrast, they exhibit a slightly increasing deviation from theoretical values derived for the LiF compound with assuming stopping force additivity as the proton energy decreases from E ≈ 400 keV towards lower proton velocities. This deviation in excess relative to experimental data, amounting only up to (at most) ∼2.5%, can be ascribed to strong effects of 2s-state valence electrons of Li atoms within the LiF compound. Besides, the comparison to values calculated by the SRIM-2008 computer code indicates that this program satisfactorily accounts for our S(E) data above E ≈ 1.30 MeV but underestimates them with substantially increasing deviations (up to ∼11%) towards lower proton velocities where the Bragg–Kleeman additivity rule therefore appears to be inapplicable.
Study of Λ hypernuclei using hadron beams and γ-ray spectroscopy at J-PARC
2012, Nuclear Physics A
A combination of the production of Λ hypernuclei via hadron beams and their precision γ-ray spectroscopy using a Ge detector array, Hyperball/Hyperball2, has played essential roles in studies of hypernuclear structure. After a brief summary of our previous studies for p-shell hypernuclei at KEK-PS and BNL-AGS, we describe our plans of hypernuclear γ-ray spectroscopy experiments at J-PARC, in particular, the first experiment E13 starting in 2012, in which we further study ΛN interaction and measure Λ-spin-flip $B (M 1)$ values using light hypernuclei such as ${}_{Λ}^{4}{He}$ , ${}_{Λ}^{7}{Li}$ , ${}_{Λ}^{10}B$ , ${}_{Λ}^{11}B$ and ${}_{Λ}^{19}F$ .
Nuclear fragmentation reactions in extended media studied with Geant4 toolkit
2010, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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The Fermi break-up model in combination with the intranuclear cascade model well describes various experimental data on disintegration of light nuclei by energetic protons with kinetic energies above 100 MeV [31,35,40,41].
It is well-known from numerous experiments that nuclear multifragmentation is a dominating mechanism for production of intermediate mass fragments in nucleus–nucleus collisions at energies above $100 A MeV$ . In this paper we investigate the validity and performance of the Fermi break-up model and the statistical multifragmentation model implemented as parts of the Geant4 toolkit. We study the impact of violent nuclear disintegration reactions on the depth-dose profiles and yields of secondary fragments for beams of light and medium-weight nuclei propagating in extended media. Implications for ion-beam cancer therapy and shielding from cosmic radiation are discussed.
Laser-induced nonresonant nuclear excitation in muonic atoms
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Coherent nuclear excitation in strongly laser-driven muonic atoms is calculated. The nuclear transition is caused by the time-dependent Coulomb field of the oscillating charge density of the bound muon. A closed-form analytical expression for electric multipole transitions is derived and applied to various isotopes; the excitation probabilities are in general very small. We compare the process with other nuclear excitation mechanisms through coupling with atomic shells and discuss the prospects to observe it in experiment.

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^☆: This work has been supported by the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76-ER02785].

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Energy levels of light nuclei A = 18–20☆

Abstract