Half-life of tritium

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(67)80265-3

Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry

Volume 29, Issue 9, September 1967, Pages 2129-2131

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Abstract

The half-life of tritium was determined by calorimetry to be 12·346 ± 0·002 yr (probable error by external consistency) by following the decay energy of two samples over a 6-yr period.

References (9)

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Cited by (24)

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 22
2005, Nuclear Data Sheets
This evaluation of $A = 22$ has been updated from previous evaluations published in 1998En04, 1990En08, and 1978En02. Coverage includes properties of adopted levels and γ rays, decay-scheme data (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and cross reference entries. The following tables continue the tradition of showing the systematic relationships between levels in $A = 22$ . These assignments are based on spectroscopic factors and energy differences where $Δ E_{x} = E_{x} ({}^{22}{Na}) - E_{x} ({}^{22}{Ne}) - 657.16$ or $Δ E_{x} = E_{x} ({}^{22}{Mg}) - E_{x} ({}^{22}{Ne})$ .
Search for an optimum approach to the evaluation of data of varying consistency: Half-live evaluations for 3H, 35S, 55Fe, 99Mo and 111In
2000, Applied Radiation and Isotopes
A common procedure is proposed for the evaluation of both consistent and discrepant data in which adjustments are made to the uncertainties in the measured data that are dependent on the χ² values of the data set. A computer program EV1NEW has been developed and applied to the evaluation of ³H, ³⁵S, ⁵⁵Fe, ⁹⁹Mo and ¹¹¹In half-lives to give the following values: 12.32(2) yr, 87.32(16) d, 2.732(14) yr, 2.7480(9) d and 2.8047(4) d, respectively.
Swelling of tritiated lithium hydride over the first 150 days
1990, Journal of Nuclear Materials
Compacts of equimolar Li(D, T) are measured for linear swelling and outgassing over the first 150 days from room temperature to 398 K. The percentage swelling is found to be independent of the initial percentage of theoretical density. Careful outgassing measurements in a monitored dry atmosphere are lower than previous values. Samples stored at 241 K and then placed at 348 K swell slightly less than fresh samples. The cold-stored samples outgas more and almost all the gas is ²He. A pressure-density pressing curve is presented.
Tritium half-life measured by helium-3 growth
1987, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part
Determinations of the tritium half life have been made by measuring the rate of ³He buildup in neutron-irradiated natural lithium. The measurement method, which is substantially different from those used previously, consisted of mass spectrometric measurements of the ⁴He/³He isotopic ratio in samples of lithium metal that had been irradiated in the core of a Triga reactor. Almost all of the ³He in the samples resulted from the decay of tritium produced by the ⁶Li(n, t)⁴He and the ⁷Li(n n′t)⁴He reactions, both of which yielded equal amounts of tritium and ⁴He. The helium isotopic ratio measurements, combined with the known decay times between irradiation and analysis, yielded an average tritium half life of 12.38 ± 0.03 mean solar years (1 solar year = 365.2422 days). This value is higher than several earlier half life measurements, but is consistent with a recent determination by the U.S. National Bureau of Standard.
Dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of liquid D-T
1980, Cryogenics
The first dielectric constant and electrical condutivity measurements on liquid deuterium-tritium are reported. The samples, which contain 0.9, 8.8, and 98.3% tritium, are measured for complex capacitance at 1592 Hz with an effective electric field of 2830 Vm⁻¹ at temperatures of 20 to 26 K. The tritium radioactivity converts the samples dielectrics, with dielectric constant as large as 4.5 and electrical conductivities of $200 × 10^{−9} (Ωm)^{−1}$ . Carrier densities are about 10¹⁰ per mol sample; both free electrons and ions are apparently present.
Interlaboratory comparison of low-level tritium measurements in water
1978, The International Journal Of Applied Radiation And Isotopes
The paper presents and discusses results submitted by 41 laboratories who participated in the third inter-laboratory comparison of low-level tritium measurements in waters organized by the Isotope Hydrology Section of IAEA. Four waters of different concentration were prepared by diluting NBS 4926 standard. A high proportion of unsatisfactory results were received for all four samples, revealing problems in control and assessment of measurement errors, and also a generally unsatisfactory situation regarding standardization. Recommendations are made for the adoption of a single parent standard and a fixed half-life for decay corrections.
Le mémoire consiste en une présentation et une étude des résultate envoyés par les 41 laboratoires qui ont participé à la troisième campagne de comparaison interlaboratoires des mesures des faibles concentrations de tritium dans l'eau, organisée par la Section d'hydrologie isotopique de l'AIEA. On avait préparé quatre échantillons d'eau de concentration variés en diluant un étalon 4926 du NBS. Un fort pourcentage des résultats reçus pour les quatre échantillons n'est pas satisfaisant, ce qui fait apparaître des problèmes de contrôle et d'évaluation des erreurs des mesure, ainsi qu'une situation peu satisfaisante dans l'ensemble en ce qui concerns la normalisation. Le mémoire formule des recommandations relatives à l'adoption d'un étalon de référence unique et d'une période fixe pour les corrections de décroissance.
In diesem Referat werden die Messverfahren und Ergebnisse von 41 Laboratorien diskutiert, die am dritten internationalen Vergleich von Low-Level-Messmethoden zum Nachweis von Tritium in Wasser teilnahmen. Auf Anregung der Sektion für Isotopenhydrologie der IAEA wurden vier Wässer mit verschiedener Tritiumkonzentration, hergestellt durch Verdünnung von NBS-4926-Standard, gemessen. Eine grosse Anzahl von ungenügenden Ergebnissen von allen vier Proben offenbarte Messprobleme in der Kontrolle und Abschätzung von Fehlern. Weiters war die allgemeine Standardisierung unbefriedigend. Die Einführung eines einzigen Grundstandards und einer festgesetzten Halbwertszeit für Zerfallskorrektur wird empfholen.
B дoклaдe излaгaюtcя и obcyждaюtcя peзyльtatы. пpeдctabлeнныe 41 лaбopatopнeй, кotopыe yшactbobaли b tpetьem meжлaбopatopнom cpabнeнии peзyльtatob изmepeний coдepжaния tpиtия низкoй aкtиbнoctи b boдe, opгaнизobaннom Ceкциeй пpиmeнeния изotoпob b гидpoлoгии MAГAtЭ. Были пoдгotobлeны шetыpe oбpaзцa boды paзлишнoй кoнцeнtpaцин paзбabлeниem эtaлoнa NBS 4926. Для bceч шetыpeч oбpaзцob был пoлy;шeн бoльшoй пpoцeнt нeyдobлetbopиteльныч peзuлъtatob, cbидeteльctbyющий o пpoблemaч. cbязaнныч c yctpaнeниem и oцeнкoй пoгpeшнocteй изmepeния, a taкжe oб o oбщeй нeyдobлetbopиteльнoй cиtyaцни b oблactи ctaндaptизaции. Дaюtcя peкomeндaции otнocиteльнo пpиняtия eдинoгo эtaлoнa и фикcиpobaннoгo пopиoдa пoлypacпaдa для пoпpaboк нa pacпaд.

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Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry

Abstract

References (9)

The Half-Lives of ²²⁷Ac and ²²⁷Th Measured Calorimetrically in Metrology of Radionuclides—II

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Cited by (24)

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 22

Search for an optimum approach to the evaluation of data of varying consistency: Half-live evaluations for <sup>3</sup>H, <sup>35</sup>S, <sup>55</sup>Fe, <sup>99</sup>Mo and <sup>111</sup>In

Swelling of tritiated lithium hydride over the first 150 days

Tritium half-life measured by helium-3 growth

Dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of liquid D-T

Interlaboratory comparison of low-level tritium measurements in water