0+ levels of even nuclei in the rare-earth region

doi:10.1016/0029-5582(60)90357-6

Nuclear Physics

Volume 15, February–March 1960, Pages 533-565

https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5582(60)90357-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

The quadrupole vibrations of beta type of deformed nuclei have been found in only a few cases in the heavy element region. We started a search in order to find such levels also in the rare-earth region. A 0₊ level of beta vibrational type at 685.0 keV was found in the deformed nucleus Sm¹⁵² by measuring conversion coefficients. Its corresponding 0₊ level of two-phonon type was observed in Gd¹⁵² at 615.3 keV. The strongly deformed nucleus Er¹⁶⁶ has a 0₊ level at 1460.4 keV now confirmed by angular correlation measurements. The 1087 keV level in Os¹⁸⁸ and the 1267 keV level in the spherical nucleus Pt¹⁹⁴ were also measured by angular correlation to have zero spins, indicating the same trend of the 0₊ levels as theoretically expected. (A second excited 0₊ level was found in Os¹⁸⁸ at 1766 keV and in Pt¹⁹⁴ at 1480 keV.) When the beta and gamma vibrational bands are known, the theoretical and experimental rotational-vibrational coefficients can be compared: B^theory = kB^exp. A k-value of 2–4 is found, indicating a weaker coupling than that theoretically expected. The experimental trend of levels in even nuclei with A = 50–250 is discussed, and some new spin assignments are proposed.

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Nuclear Data Sheets for A=194
2021, Nuclear Data Sheets
Experimental nuclear structure and decay data are evaluated for all of 14 known nuclides of mass 194 (Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn). Detailed evaluated spectroscopic information is presented for each reaction and decay experiment, and by combining all the available data, recommended values are provided for energies, spins and parities and half-lives of levels, together with energies, branching ratios and multipolarities of gamma radiations from the levels, and characteristics of beta and alpha radiations in radioactive decays. No excited states have yet been identified in ¹⁹⁴Ta, ¹⁹⁴W, and ¹⁹⁴Rn. Only limited spectroscopic data are available for ¹⁹⁴Re, with a 45−μs isomer identified, but its absolute energy yet to be determined. Only two levels at unknown absolute energies are reported for ¹⁹⁴At, both of which are isomeric but neither can be unambiguously identified as the ground state. Data are scarce for ¹⁹⁴Os, ¹⁹⁴Bi and ¹⁹⁴Po, while ¹⁹⁴Pt, ¹⁹⁴Au, ¹⁹⁴Hg, ¹⁹⁴Tl and ¹⁹⁴Pb are well studied through decays and reactions. For ¹⁹⁴Ir, although a major (n, γ), E=thermal study and two particle-transfer studies provide large amounts of spectral data, still several problematic issues are found in the assignment of multipolarities for the secondary gamma transitions in the (n, γ) study by 2008Ba25, 1998Ba85 and 1998Ba42, all from the same group. Some issues have been resolved by the evaluators, but we suggest that further experimental work is needed on ¹⁹⁴Ir structure to resolve standing issues, and verify the conclusions made by 2008Ba25. Our attempt to contact the prime authors of the 2008Ba25 paper was not successful. The present work supersedes all the earlier evaluations of A=194 nuclides by 2006Si17, 1996Br26, 1989Si01 and 1972Au11.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 194
2006, Nuclear Data Sheets
Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 194 (Re,Os,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg,Tl,Pb,Bi, Po,At) with Z = 75 to 85 and N = 119 to 109 have been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies and Jπ of levels in these nuclei. No excited state data are yet available for ¹⁹⁴Re and ¹⁹⁴At. Many superdeformed structures are known in A = 194: three SD bands in ¹⁹⁴Hg, two of which are connected to the normal-deformed structures; six SD bands in ¹⁹⁴Tl; and three SD bands in ¹⁹⁴Pb, one of which is connected to the normal-deformed structure. In addition four magnetic-rotational (MR) dipole bands are known in ¹⁹⁴Pb together with many other dipole bands which are probable multi-quasiparticle structures. This evaluation supersedes previous full evaluations of A = 194 published by 1996Br26, 1989Si01, 1977Ha46 and 1972Au11.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 188
2002, Nuclear Data Sheets
Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 188 (Hf,Ta,W,Re,Os,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg,Tl, Pb,Bi,Po) has been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies, J# , and decay modes of levels in these nuclei. No data are yet available for excited states in 188 Hf, 188 Ta, 188 Bi, and 188 Po. This evaluation supersedes earlier Nuclear Data Sheets for A=188: 1990Si04, 1981Si14, 1973Sc41.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 194
1996, Nuclear Data Sheets
Abstract:Experimental data pertaining to all nuclei with mass A = 194 were evaluated. Level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented, along with associated tables of experimental data and adopted properties for levels and γ rays. The literature cutoff date for this revision is September 30, 1996. This revision replaces 89SiO1. Extensive high-spin experiments using large gamma-detector arrays have revealed superdeformed structures in¹⁹⁴Hg (three SD bands: Yrast and pair of excited signature partners),¹⁹⁴Tl (six SD bands: Three pairs of signature partners), and¹⁹⁴Pb (three SD bands: Yrast and pair of excited signature partners). For yrast bands (SD-1) in¹⁹⁴Hg and¹⁹⁴Pb, connecting transitions between the SD band and normal bands have recently (96Kh04, 96Lo12,96Br07) been reported. Several dipole (oblate) bands in¹⁹⁴Pb, some based on high-K (oblate) states have been reported from similar in-beam γ-ray experiments. New γγ coincidence measurements (93Ko59, 94KoZQ) using the¹⁹³Ir(n,γ) reaction helped to place several transitions in the level scheme and established the 31.85-ms¹⁹⁴Ir isomer at 147.078 KeV 5. Results from the first study of the¹⁹³Ir(d,p) reaction (94Ga30) agree with those from (n,γ). Unpublished (95TeZZ) γγ coincidence results (using HERA, an array of 20 intrinsic germanium detectors) revealed a new level in¹⁹⁴Pt at 1737.4 KeV. It also provided correct placement in the decay scheme for many γ rays from¹⁹⁴Au ϵ decay. Recent measurements (92Hu04) of the α-decay chain²⁰²Fr–¹⁹⁶At–¹⁹⁴Bi confirm the existence of¹⁹⁴Bi isomers, and show population to previously unknown levels at 218 and 396 KeV in¹⁹⁴Bi.Cutoff Date:All data received by September 30, 1996 were evaluated.General Policies and Organization of Material:See the January issue of Nuclear Data Sheets.Acknowledgments:Evaluators wish to thank R.R.P. Teixeira (95TeZZ) for making available their unpublished data on¹⁹⁴Au ϵ decay.General Comments:The analysis of γ-ray data is described in detail in 86BrZQ. The γ-ray energies given by various authors were fit to a level scheme for each data set through a weighted least-squares analysis. The scales for the corresponding intensities, which were assumed to be linearly related, were adjusted using the methods of Tepel (80TeZW) and Lederer (92LeZJ). Uncertainties of absolute γ-ray intensities were determined using the method of Browne (86Br21).
Nuclear data sheets update for A = 166
1992, Nuclear Data Sheets
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=188
1990, Nuclear Data Sheets
Nuclear spectroscopic data for 10 known nuclides with A=188 (W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi) have been evaluated and presented together with adopted level properties and adopted γ rays. This evaluation represents a revision of earlier ones by 81Si14 and 73Sc41. No information exists for excited states in ¹⁸⁸Pb and ¹⁸⁸Bi and for γ rays in ¹⁸⁸W. High-spin excitations through in-beam γ-ray studies are now known for ¹⁸⁸Tl (7+) isomer and ¹⁸⁸Hg. But the ε decay of ¹⁸⁸Au and ¹⁸⁸Tl (2−) isomer is in need of further investigation. The identification and decay properties of ¹⁸⁸Bi remain to be confirmed. The following nuclides (far off the stability line) have not been identified but have been included in structure calculations: ¹⁸⁸Er (85He14, 84Sa16); ¹⁸⁸Yb (86Du05,84Sa16); ¹⁸⁸Hf (88Po04,84Sa16); ¹⁸⁸Po (77Ma14); ¹⁸⁸Ra (72WoZY).

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^†††: This work is in part supported by the U. S. Air Research and Development Command.

^†: On leave from Lab. voor Technische Physica, Delft, Holland.

^††: On leave from Instytut Badań, Ja̧drowych, Kraków, Poland.

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0+ levels of even nuclei in the rare-earth region

Abstract

Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Physics

Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk.

JETP

Revs. Mod. Phys.

Phys. Rev.

Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk.

Revs. Mod. Phys.

Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk.

Arkiv. f. Fysik

Nuclear Instruments

Arkiv. f. Fysik

Phys. Rev.

Nuclear Physics

Phil. Mag.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.

Table of Internal Conversion Coefficients

Arkiv f. Fysik

Arkiv f. Fysik

Phys. Rev. Letters

Phys. Rev.

0₊ levels of even nuclei in the rare-earth region